US and Saudi Stock Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

US and Saudi Stock Markets - Essay Example The Saudi stock market is the largest stock market in the Middle East. It is not only the largest stock market in the Middle East, it is also considered to bigger than the combination of the stock markets of all other gulf countries (Hankir and Baltaji, 2015). As a stock market there are great opportunities that are offered by the Saudi Stock market. However, until recently only citizens of Saudi Arabia and other gulf countries were allowed to trade in the stock market of the country. The people of other GCC countries were allowed to trade in the Saudi stock market subject to the restrictions that are imposed by the respective GCC country. Till recently the people from non-GCC countries were allowed to enter only through the closed investment funds. NYSE is considered as the largest and the most powerful stock exchange in the world. The rising power of the stock exchange was in line with the rise of the economic power of the United States. There are two major stock exchanges in the United States. The other stock exchange in the United States is NASDAQ which has the most number of companies listed in the country. However, by means of market capitalization, NYSE is larger than the combination of the NASDAQ, Tokyo and London. The merger of NYSE and Euronext has increased the appeal of the stock exchange on a global scale. It is found that the stock market in the United States is the most important in the world and has the capability to influence all the stock markets across the world.

Changes in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Changes in the Workplace Essay I believe the work environments can be positive or negative on the psychology health and workplace. The work environment has many properties that can affect both psychological and physical well-being, which is important to understand those aspects of work environments as well as identifying psychosocial characteristics of the workplace, which can affect his or her health. The first step is to create a psychologically workplace, which takes commitment and time to develop a strategy to effect changes at the workplaces to improve the health of all employees. For example: the choices that each person makes and how the individual treats his or her bodies; not only affects the individual health but also the individual mental health, which can be carried over to the workplace causing unwanted stress. Also lack of sleep making it hard to concentrate, irritated with the employees, and unable to do his or her daily tasks that the job requires, which can make the workplace more difficult. Unhealthy diet can make the individual sick and unable to complete the job that’s needs to be done, as well as mental stress that can cause more health problems. Studies on relationships between health and psychology has become more establish in recent years because researchers have provided insight into how an individual’s psychology and health. Such as the individual personalities, personal relationships, and the individual mental and biological processes are all factor in relation to health psychology, which needs to be considered when trying to maintain or to balance his or her health, is to find the correct balance of treatment choices, such as circumstances or other alternative that may be adding to the cause of physical health issues. I believe that lifestyle choices that can affect psychology and health in the workplace can be poor diet. For example: When an individual chooses to skip breakfast in the morning can have a difficult time concentrating, or become ir ritable. The individual may also develop physical symptoms such as headache, dizziness, or nauseas. When the individual becomes irritable, this can lead to lack of communication with other employees as well as loss of production on everyone’s schedule. I also believe when making poor choices can develop problems that can affect the workplace, also leads to psychological, behavioral, and physical difficulties. To enhance health and prevent illness is to improve his or her allover health, even if the changes are  small; it can make a big difference by enhancing his or her health and to prevent illness. For example: having well-balance meals that includes breakfast and a healthy diet can provide energy, which will also lower the risk of certain disease, such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and hypertension. To maintaining a healthy body, and a health weight, is to have a healthy diet and physical activity to decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease, and reducing the heart rate. However, taking care of our body is a big step toward emotional and mental health because the mind and the body are linked to each other, and when the individual improves his or her physical health, well the individual will experience greater mental and emotional well-being (Lifestyle to enhance Health and Prevent Illness).

The Spread of Television in 1950s, in America Essay -- Television

The ‘Golden Age of Television’ is what many refer to as the period between the 1950s and 60s when the television began to establish itself as a prevalent medium in the United States. In 1947, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), and the Du Mont Network were the four main television networks that ran stations with regular programming taking place. (Television, 2003) While regular television programming was a new innovation, the television itself had been commercially available for over twenty years prior to the 50s. It was conceived by many worldly innovators and went through several testing stages before it was finally completed in the late twenties. The three main innovators were Niplow - who first developed a rotating disk with small holes arranged in a spiral pattern in 1884, Zworykin - who developed the Iconoscope which could scan pictures and break them into electronic signals (a primi tive form of the Cathode Ray Tube) in 1923, and lastly Fansworth - who demonstrated for the first time that it was possible to transmit an electrical image in 1927. (Rollo, 2011) However, one of the many reasons why this medium was successful in the 50s was due to the fact that it became more accessible to the public. Television sets were more affordable to middle class citizens which created further interest in the new technology. Through an historical account of the medium, the spread of television across America throughout this particular decade will be examined. Firstly, for the purposes of illustrating the cultural context of this decade, I will refer to Lynn Spigel’s writing entitled â€Å"Welcome to the Dreamhouse: Popular Media and Postwar Suburb†. After WWII... ...t has not stopped television from being one of the most successful mediums for the dissemination of information. Works Cited Paul S. Boyer. "Television." The Oxford Companion to United States History. 2001. Retrieved November 24, 2011 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O119-Television.html Bretz, Rudy , 1957 â€Å"Video Tape: A TV Revolution† The Quarterly of Film Radio and Television , Vol. 11, No. 4 pp. 399-415 Published by: University of California Press Article Stable URL: www.jstor.org/stable/1210000 Ganzel, Bill. (2007). Television during the 1950s and 60s. Retrieved from http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe50s/life_17.html Rollo, Mike. 2011  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Video History† Film/Video I Lecture Notes Spigel, Lynn. 2001 Welcome to the dreamhouse : popular media and postwar suburbs / Lynn Spigel Duke University Press, Durham, N.C. :

Witchcraft And Effects On Lite :: essays research papers

Witchcraft is a phenomenon that has captured the minds of millions since the beginning of history. These so-called witches have caused fear, hatred, interest, widespread panic, and a variety of other emotions in other people from all over the world. Every society and civilization on this planet have all some form of witchcraft in their history. Witchcraft itself has a deep history of its own causing it to be recognized in literature and modern society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, witchcraft has a very fascinating history, which is fairly important to discuss. Because much of its history is shrouded in superstition and has not properly been recorded, its exact history is hard to explain. It is easier to see witchcraft as a mindset or belief than an organized institution. According to Montague Summers, 'witches can be described as heretics and anarchists,'; most of which follow the chief of demons, also known as the Devil. Obviously Mr. Summers, along with many other people, takes a pessimistic view towards the realm of witchcraft. Among these anti-witch enthusiasts was Henry VIII, who was the first king of England to pass Statute against the practice of witchcraft. Many kings who ruled after Henry VIII also created statutes against witchcraft. James I made one in 1604, which was repealed over a century later in 1736. Throughout the centuries in England, strict laws and numerous trials were held against suspected witches. Some of the more notable trials include the Chelmsford trials in 1566, 1579, and 1589, the trials in Lancashire in 1612, and the Staffordshire trials in 1597. Some cases even tried people posing as witches like Thomas Darling, John Smith, and William Perry. Many books had been written at the time about the subject of witchcraft like Demonology, Discovery of Witches, Discovery of Witchcraft, and Dr. Lamb's Darling. (Wysiwyg://7/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/2962/witchcraze/time_england.html)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second, witchcraft is recognized around the world through its appearance in literature. Many well-known examples of a wide variety of witches can be found throughout literature. Many of these literary works include The Wizard of Oz, which not only has one witch but two: Glenda the Good Witch and The Wicked Witch of the West. These two witches seem to represent some of the many views of witches. Glenda takes on the view of a fairy godmother, a type of witch that only has good intentions and poses no harm to anyone. But, wicked witch poses as the stereotypical halloweenish view of a witch: an old, ugly, ill-hearted, broomstick riding, spell-casting, evil, maniacal woman.

Gerrymandering: United States and Congressional Apportionment Essay

Congressional Apportionment is the process by which the United States House of Representatives are redistricted the fifty states following each constitutionally mandated decennial census. Each state is guaranteed at least one seat and all the other seats are divided among the rest of the states based on their population. Congressional Apportionment is important to the states because the more representatives a state has the more influence they have in the House and vice versa the states do not want to lose seats in the House. Congressional redistricting is the process of redrawing district boundaries when a state has more representatives than districts. The Senate does not take part in the redistricting process. Redistricting occurs every ten years, with the national census. Gerrymandering is a practice that attempts to establish a political advantage for a particular political party or group by manipulating geographic boundaries to create partisan, incumbent-protected districts. In order to protect incumbents and to discourage challengers by creating a district that is more populated with a certain political ideology over another to insure a politician’s chance of winning. Gerrymandering is also used in order, to enhance a political party’s strength by having a certain political parties in a district to ensure that the Democrats or Republicans win every election. The Supreme Court has placed limits on racial gerrymandering and ensuring that the districts are equally populated. Racial gerrymandering is the drawing of a district to favor one racial group over another. The Supreme Court outlawed racial gerrymandering, which prevented Southern African Americans from voting and becoming the majority. The Supreme Court also disallows majority-minority districts. The Supreme Court has also ruled that the districts must be equally populated; the districts are required to have the same number of people, so each state takes the number of people they found in the census and divides that by the number of districts.

Organizational Behavior the Family, College Class, and Organization

Organizational Behavior the Family, College Class, and Organization The organizational Behavior The family is the society’s key organization. It is extremely imperative that the family engages in family meetings. Similar to any organization, there is a need for anticipations, vivid missions, team building, setting goals, and planning, which ensures a smooth running.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior: the Family, College Class, and Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, every family member should possess a particular role. In a class college, organization, and family, the job description is imperative in defining the members’ obligations and roles. Moreover, a clear job description promotes more input from individuals, which gives the members a sense of ownership. The family, college class, and organization are characterized by universality. The three are present in all human society levels, everywhere, and always. In the three, the me mbers are united by a common goal. Hence, there is some form of emotional basis. In the family, people are united by affection and mutual love, which enhances sympathy and empathy towards each other. It is evident that in the class and organization, members have to collaborate to fulfill the set goals, which unites them. Another similarity between the three is the limited size. Management Roles The family council comprises of the family members. In a college class, the council constitutes of the entire class and class teacher. Finally, the employees and management comprise the organization council. In a family, the male parent has the responsibility of governing the family. The female parent assists the male parent in running the family. In a college, the class teacher oversees the overall running of the class. The class prefect, who has a closer relationship with the students, ensures maintenance of order. In an organization, the manager is the overall overseer. The success of an o rganization, class, and family depends on regular meetings. In a meeting, members get the opportunity to be heard, distribute responsibilities, receive encouragement, congratulate exemplary roles, set goals, share, plan for events, solve conflicts and recurring issues, set objectives, and express complaints and concerns.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leaders in the three organizations have to ensure that the appropriate leadership style is used. Depending on different circumstances, it might be necessary to change the leadership style. Moreover, leaders have to engage in critical controlling, organizing, and planning. The available resources should be dedicated towards goal achievement. How Diversity Contributes to Efficiency and Effectiveness Diversity in the family, organization, and college class ensures that effectiveness and efficiency are achieved. To ensur e that diversity is achieved, there is a need for constant role rotations. For instance, the secretary and manager roles should be rotated after a certain period. It is worth noting that every member in an organization is gifted differently. Therefore, there is a need to give everyone the opportunity to contribute towards diversity. Furthermore, every member should be given an opportunity to voice their ideas. Scheduling weekly meetings ensures every member presents updates from their departments, and that all pressing issues are discussed. The meetings should be evaluated regularly, and openness and mutual respect should be upheld. When families visit their family friends, they get an opportunity to learn new things and skills. Sometimes class competitions assist classes to learn new ways of doing things. It is worth emphasizing that diversity comprises of one’s background, cognitive style, gender, and race. The way members in an organization perceive others is extremely imp ortant. Therefore, the human resource management should deal with transformations, adaptability, and communication.

Teen Pregnancy Essays - Midwifery, Birth Control, Adolescence

Teen Pregnancy Essays - Midwifery, Birth Control, Adolescence Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy & Parenting You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is killing you, two minutes seem like forever. All of the sudden you see a +. Youre 15 and pregnant. What are you going to do now? Jessica Inhoff, a junior at Grant, tells us what she did when she found out she was pregnant with her son last year. She said that she was overly surprised and didnt know what to do. She didnt want to have to be there when her parents found out, so she just left a note on the table and went to work. Luckily for her, her parents were remarkably supportive, and still help her out as much as they can with her son. Her mother watches Kyle every day while she is at school, and will baby-sit one night a week, so Jessica can go out and still be a kid. According to the Oregon Health Division, during 1997 in Multnomah County, 654 girls between the ages of 10 and 17 got pregnant and kept their babies. Between 1974 and 1998 pregnancy for teens between the ages 15 and 19 increased by 200 percent. Also once the babies are born to teen mothers they are more than twice as likely to have a lower birth weight than those born to older mothers, which can cause major health risks. It makes babies more likely to die within the first 2 days of life. All those unwanted pregnancies among teens cost U.S. taxpayers almost 7 billion each year. One question you should ask yourself before you decide to have sex is; Am I ready to be a mother or a father? If you can answer yes to all the questions below, you are ready to go out Saturday night and decide by having sex with them, to tell your boyfriend/girlfriend, Hey honey, I want us to have a baby! 1. Could I handle a baby and a job at the same time? Would I have enough time and energy for both? 2. How would a child interfere with my growth and development? Would I finish school and would I be able to go to college and get the career I want while caring for a child? 3. Can I afford to support a child? Do I know how much it takes to raise a child? 4. Am I willing to give a great part of my life at least 18 years to being responsible for a child? And spend a large portion of my life concerned with my childs well being? 5. Do I like doing things with children? Do I enjoy activities that children can do? Do I like cleaning up childrens messes and do I want to have a child around me 24-7? 6. What do I do when I get angry or upset? Would I take things out on my child if I lost my temper? 7. Could my partner and I give a child a good home? Is our relationship a happy and strong one? Do we want to have to be connected for the reast of our lives, until death do us part? As Leslie Clark, an alumnus from Grant, figured out, having a baby and being in high school is a hard job. She had to skip the last couple months of her senior year to have her baby, which put her behind a year and not able to graduate with her class. She had a hard time raising her son Allyn on her own for the first five years, but luckily after that she and Allyns dad started dating again, and ended up getting married. Seventeen years have now passed, and she is a happily married certified public accountant. Jessica Inhoff is now experiencing the responsibilities of being a teen mother, which she says, are endless. A normal day goes like this for Jessica; she gets up at 6, after being awake half the night (with her sons wake up calls at 12:30 and 3 A.M.), and goes to school. She goes through six rigorous classes and then leaves during seventh period to go home and

Family Care Plan Essays

Family Care Plan Essays Family Care Plan Paper Family Care Plan Paper Thomas Chamness University of Phoenix Nursing 467 Karen Jones November 20, 2010 Family Care Plan My family consists of a single mother, age 27. Her child is a 3-year-old male. The characteristics of the mother are unique; she had to deal with losing both of her parents at a young age. Her father committed suicide when she was nine and her mother was murdered in the line of duty while working as a state trooper. The mother also has no siblings. At the present time the young boy is facing his own challenges as the mother decided to leave the father of her child and move out of state from New Mexico to Colorado. Together they appear to cope well with their losses and struggles. The family structure is basic; the mother plays that role and is also a mentor to the child. The additional â€Å"family† structure for these two is that the mother has a new boyfriend and he is the main reason that she moved to Colorado. The environmental characteristics do not appear to be a factor in the function of the family. The culture of the family seems to have continued well here in CO, both make a bi monthly trip to NM so that the son can visit with the father and so that the mother can visit with a close aunt. : Orem’s Universal Self-Care Requisites apply to my family as follows: Air, my family resides in a smoke free environment and the environment does not seem to have a negative effect. Water; both consume appropriate amounts and environmentally, there is not a concern. Food; nutrition seems to be lacking R/T the consumption of fast food and lack of home cooking. Elimination; appears to be within normal limits. Activity and Rest; the child receives more physical activity than the mother R/T playing at the playground. Living in a smaller town home has also â€Å"restricted† their activity level. Rest wise, there is plenty. Solitude and Social Interactions; both have decreased social interaction R/T the move and all family is in NM. Solitude does seem to be a concern with my family. When they are in a new state, the family has to rebuild socially and develop new relationships and the solitude of winter is among them. Hazard Prevention; the only hazard appears to be possible wildlife coming close to their home or maybe the bi monthly roundtrip to NM. Promotion of Normality; This will be a road long traveled, the mother has to raise a child as a single mother in an environment where the father is not close, lack of grandparents, aunts and uncles or even just close family friends. My family faces several stressors; the mother is still unemployed and daycare becomes an issue if she gets a job and the mother also has trouble getting a baby sitter while looking for a job. Two times a month both mother and child make a 20-hour road trip. The mother is also facing the challenges of a divorce and a new relationship. The mother states that she copes with stress by spending time with her new boyfriend, â€Å"he makes everything better. † The child appears to act out at times for attention. The boy then receives discipline, not quality attention. Here is my following nursing diagnosis for my family in order with a 2010 health promotion; Altered Family Process related to the change in marital status and moving away from family. I have asked if she has looked into support groups held in her area or if she attends services at the church across the street. At risk for Altered Parenting related to being a single mother without the father present. I encouraged her to look online for a single parent website that may be useful. Impaired social interaction related to lack of friends/family or a job to socialize. I used both of the above examples of reaching out and included maybe hosting â€Å"Pampered Chef† or â€Å"Cookie Lee† parties. I believe that the diagnosis of Altered Family Process is the most important diagnosis and that the mother is not aware of how this can affect her and her son. I think she needs to understand the importance of having a two parent home and a one parent home. The family is center on the mother and the choices she makes are for her benefit in mind first. I want to see the mother make choices that will benefit her and her son rather than her then her son. All too often the mother’s choices are for herself, it is important for the mother to understand that her child will always be there and the boyfriend could leave at anytime. Some interventions that I could share that hopefully wont cross any boundaries are would be the following: Consider moving back home, closer to family and their support. If she decides to stay, then consider going back to NM only once a month and staying a little longer than the weekend. Start having a dedicated night to her son, homemade dinner ate at the table. Slow down with her new boyfriend and maybe have one night a week with him. I want to see her build the relationship with her son and see an improvement in his behavior/attention seeking within three months. I want to see her relationship with her new boyfriend become more meaningful within the same time frame. A decrease in the amount of behaviors with her son, more family time and in improved relationship with her new boyfriend would be a good measurement of improvement. Other possible interventions over a long-term would be for the mother to set goals such as assuming she stays in CO, marriage to her new boyfriend in three to five years if the relationship moves in that direction. Find a home that is in a good school district for her son even though he won’t start for a couple of years. The importance of this will add to the family’s stability and longevity. In conclusion my family is on a long road to success. Both the mother and the son have challenges that can be overcome with appropriate decisions. A new skill that I have achieved is the ability to understand the more complex dynamics of a family assessment. What is on paper is simple; getting the informant to disclose the truth is the challenge. One can meet someone on the street and have a decent idea of what that person may be like but to actually understand that person, time has to be spent with he/she and trust has to be built. References Healthy People 2010. 2010. healthypeople. gov/. Accessed, November 20, 2010 Nursing Theories. 2010 http://currentnursing. com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory. html.. Accessed, November 19, 2010

The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien Essay

The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien - Essay Example We just got lost somewhere within the school system between four and five. I would sit by the verandah next to the music room after every one was passed, I would take out my miniature guitar and imagine myself playing in a different auditorium each time, with different audience, but the end was always the same- a standing ovation. The things I carried were basically dictated by necessity as well as whichever day it was. Books, pen, handkerchief, lunch box, pocket change in my wallet that also had a photo of my mother and I and my phone were everyday requirements. It was illegal to carry a phone to school, but who knew when my great breakthrough to fame would come? I would need to call my friends, who by the way were non-existent. On Wednesdays, I carried my P.E kit, not because I was good in any game anyway, but then again, could not a young man dream? Dreaming should define every young man out there and am not an exception to those who dream, or am I? On Thursdays, I carried my camera so that I could sneak in to the girls’ bathroom and take a photo of my crush since when I was four, it has always been my dream to take a picture of my crush. At least that I did, before being caught and having it destroyed by the bully boyfriend of hers. It was a very painful thing seeing what it being destroyed without any help or being in a position to do anything to stop their actions. Along the way, my guitar got heavier, the weight in the realization that I would never become famous crawled in, and the reality started to sink in me. It culminated on the day I was found carrying out my fantasy routine by the schools head jock, the day that I will live to remember because of the shame I felt. The embarrassment of that day could not be captured by pen, but it’s fresh in my memory, and can narrate it as though it happened yesterday. I resolved to keep a diary instead, for easy recordings of any happening in my life, successful,

Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year Blame ObamaCare Essay - 1

Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year Blame ObamaCare - Essay Example This year, the average premium for a family hit $15,073 — $1,303, or 9%, higher than the year before. And that’s on top of increases of 5% in 2009 and 3% in 2010. Employees are picking up a substantial portion of that tab. They paid an average of $4,129 for their family insurance premiums this year — more than double what they shelled out 10 years ago. And that figure doesn’t include out-of-pocket health expenses.( Pipes, â€Å"Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year? Blame Obamacare†) Her facts are easy to verify. Just talk to any family that recently paid up their health insurance premiums and you will get the same answer from them. I agree with her findings as well because my family just recently paid up their share of insurance premuims, which went up because their companies told them they had to shoulder more of the cost if they wanted shared coverage, and the total cost we paid means we are facing a very bleak Christmas this year. Mostly because they had to cover me under the â€Å"slacker mandate† of the law. Because of me, and other under 26 kids out there, parents are having to shell out an extra 3% on their premiums. ( Pipes, â€Å"Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year? Blame Obamacare†) She presents solid and valid arguments as to why Obamacare must be repealed such as the cost of family healthcare jumping 9% higher than last year and the fact that American families barely have any disposable income left. $95 left over after paying bills ( Pipes, â€Å"Higher Health Insurance Premiums This Year? Blame Obamacare†) will not even cover a full day of expenses for an average family. The bottom line is that Obamacare is a failed policy and as Pipes puts it, must be repealed before it can cause any further irreparable damage to families and their already dwindled

BASF AG - The Nanjing Project Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BASF AG - The Nanjing Project Report - Essay Example Plastics This segment includes a wide range of goods, services, and system solutions. The company offers numeral production plastics for the electrical and the automotive industries as well as for use in domestic appliance, games, and leisure time products. The styrene froths are used as protective equipment in the construction firms and in packaging. The polyurethanes are very flexible. Soft froth for example, is used to manufacture mattresses and car seats, and as stiff foams, they augment the energy effectiveness of refrigerators. Performance Products Performance products credit stability and color to countless everyday items and help in the improvement of their functional profile. The firm’s product range includes food additives and vitamins as well as component for pharmaceuticals and sanitation and household items for personal care. Other Products of performance improve processes of oil and gas production, paper industry, mining, and water treatment. They can also improv e the effectiveness of petroleum and lubricants, the efficiency of glue and coatings, and the stability of plastics. Functional Solutions In this segment, there are the package system solutions and pioneering products for particular sectors and clients, specifically for the automotive, construction, and chemical firms. Their group comprises of industrial catalysts and automotives, industrial coatings and automotives, and concrete mixtures as well as constructions such as tile glue and architectural varnishing. Agricultural Solutions For crop security products that are used to kill insects, fungal diseases, and weeds are manufactured and they augment quality and protect crop yields. The study in plant biotechnology focuses on vegetation for greater agricultural activities, healthier nourishment and for application as renewable materials. Oil and Gas As the major producer of oil and gas in German, the industry center its exploration and manufacture on oil- and gas-rich sections in Nor th Africa, Europe, South America, Caspian sea region, and Russia. Together with their Russian associate Gazprom, they remain active in the transport, trading, and storage of natural gas in the European countries. Competencies of BASF AG Brand associated with quality The company produces many brands which are reliable, affordable, and of high quality. The company has integrated the AG employees and the current technology. It has ready market whereby customers and suppliers are given quality products, performance, and highly valued services. Across each industry, customers require products that increase comfort, improve quality, and reduce the consumption of energy. In 1993, the company was recognized as the worldwide trading firm for BASF SE. Due to the international trade, it has become a participant in the large-scale products markets of LPG, aromatics, and naphtha. The international trade maintains presence of market in three continents covering the relevant trading hubs around th e world. The company has three main locations, which are Zug (Switzerland), Houston (USA), and Singapore. The company does not only offer valuable products but also support the customers in facing many challenges by offering

How has the use of ICT has enhanced the quality of learning and Essay

How has the use of ICT has enhanced the quality of learning and teaching across the curriculum at Key Stage3 - Essay Example The UK is hardly alone in asking these questions. Other countries such as Singapore and the United States have had similar government-led initiatives for investing in hardware, software, connectivity, content, and teacher training. Singapore’s Masterplan for Information Technology (IT) in Education was launched in 1997 with the aim to â€Å"continually anticipate the future needs of society and work towards fulfilling those needs† (SeokHoon, 2003, p.283). IT-based teaching and learning was envisioned as a means to â€Å"facilitate such development, and open possibilities for designing new curricula and methods of assessment to meet educational objectives† (SeokHoon, 2003, p.283). IT was also seen as a key enabler for â€Å"more effective education administration and support for communication and collaboration among schools and the community† (SeokHoon, 2003, p.283). The first Masterplan covered four key â€Å"dimesions† in achieving these objectives: (1) curriculum and assessment; (2) learning resources; (3) teacher development; and (4) physical and technological infrastructure (SeokHoon, 2003, p.284). After a five-year investment of two billion Singapore dollars by the Singapore government from 1997 to 2002, and strategic partnering with key industry players for hardware and content development, Singapore’s Masterplan was considered a phenomenal success. A second Masterplan has thus been created with the following goals: (1) Children will use IT for active learning; (2) IT will enhance the connections among curriculum, instruction, and assessment methods; (3) Teachers will use IT effectively for professional and personal growth; (4) Schools will have greater capacity and autonomy in the use of IT for school improvement; (5) An active research program in IT in education will be developed; and (6) A dependable and flexible infrastructure will promote widespread, effective use of multimedia resources

Samping and Data Collection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Samping and Data Collection - Coursework Example Therefore, when carrying out the research, they will be the target population. The main advantage of direct observation is that it gives direct access to the customers without relying on reports made by the client (Freedman, Pisani & Purves, 1978). This is because one actually observes and records the purchasing routines of the client. Therefore, it avoids the many problems associated with an interview or questionnaire form of sampling (Hays, 1981). For example, an individual may not accurately remember their purchasing pattern. In connection to this, there is a likely hood most customers will respond in a manner that they actually feel that they should be purchasing. However, in real life situation they may behave differently. The data will be collected through observation, taking notes and using store security camera. Whenever the customers enter the store they will be monitored on which product they are buying and which ones they prefer asking their whereabouts. This information will be recorded down. However, the observation will be done in a professional way so as to avoid scaring the customer. In addition, at the end of the day the interior cameras will also be used to analyze the client’s movement and their choice of goods (Hays, 1981). All the collected data will be recorded in a notebook and will be stored in a lockable file cabinet. This data will also be backed up by a computer and other storage media which also be kept in the

How has the use of ICT has enhanced the quality of learning and Essay

How has the use of ICT has enhanced the quality of learning and teaching across the curriculum at Key Stage3 - Essay Example The UK is hardly alone in asking these questions. Other countries such as Singapore and the United States have had similar government-led initiatives for investing in hardware, software, connectivity, content, and teacher training. Singapore’s Masterplan for Information Technology (IT) in Education was launched in 1997 with the aim to â€Å"continually anticipate the future needs of society and work towards fulfilling those needs† (SeokHoon, 2003, p.283). IT-based teaching and learning was envisioned as a means to â€Å"facilitate such development, and open possibilities for designing new curricula and methods of assessment to meet educational objectives† (SeokHoon, 2003, p.283). IT was also seen as a key enabler for â€Å"more effective education administration and support for communication and collaboration among schools and the community† (SeokHoon, 2003, p.283). The first Masterplan covered four key â€Å"dimesions† in achieving these objectives: (1) curriculum and assessment; (2) learning resources; (3) teacher development; and (4) physical and technological infrastructure (SeokHoon, 2003, p.284). After a five-year investment of two billion Singapore dollars by the Singapore government from 1997 to 2002, and strategic partnering with key industry players for hardware and content development, Singapore’s Masterplan was considered a phenomenal success. A second Masterplan has thus been created with the following goals: (1) Children will use IT for active learning; (2) IT will enhance the connections among curriculum, instruction, and assessment methods; (3) Teachers will use IT effectively for professional and personal growth; (4) Schools will have greater capacity and autonomy in the use of IT for school improvement; (5) An active research program in IT in education will be developed; and (6) A dependable and flexible infrastructure will promote widespread, effective use of multimedia resources

Values for professional studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Values for professional studies - Essay Example The cycle comprises six stages namely, description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and final stage is an action plan to prepare if the situation arose again (NHS, 2006). Baird and Winter (2005, p.156) give some reasons why reflection is required in the reflective practice. They state that a reflect is to generate the practical knowledge, assist an ability to adapt to new situations, develop self-esteem and satisfaction as well as to value, develop and professionalizing practice. However, Siviter (2004, p.165) explains that reflection is about gaining self-confidence, identify when to improve, learning from own mistakes and behaviour, looking at other people’s perspectives, being self-aware and improving the future by learning the past. In my context with the patient, it is important for me to improve the therapeutic relationship, which is the nurse-patient relationship. In the therapeutic relationship, there is the therapeutic rapport to establish from a sense of t rust and a mutual understanding existing between a nurse and a patient that builds in a special link of the relationship (Harkreader and Hogan, 2004, p.243). (Peplau 1952, cited in Harkreader and Hogan 2004, p.245) note that a good contact in a therapeutic relationship builds trust as well as raises the patient’s self-esteem, which could lead to new personal growth for the patient. Besides, (Ruesch 1961, cited in Arnold and Boggs 2007, p.200) mention the purpose of the therapeutic communication is to improve the patient’s ability to function. Therefore, in order to establish a therapeutic nurse-patient interaction, a nurse must show up caring, sincerity, empathy and trustworthiness (Kathol, 2003, p.33). Those attitudes could be expressed by promoting the effective communication and relationships by the implementation of interpersonal skills. Johnson (2008) defines that the interpersonal skills is the total ability to communicate effectively with other people. Chitty an d Black (2007, p.218) mention that communication is the exchange of information, thoughts and ideas via verbal and non-verbal communication processes. They explain that verbal communication consists of all speech whereas non-verbal communication consists of gestures, postures, facial expressions, tone and level of volume. In this assignment I discuss my development of therapeutic relationship in the circumstance of the nurse-patient relationship using the interpersonal skills. My reflection is about a patient, Mary (not the real name) whose real name is confided to protect the confidentiality of patient’s information (NMC, 2004). DESCRIPTION: (What happened ?) In this paragraph, I would describe on the event that took place during my clinical placement. I was on the female psychiatric ward. Once I noticed one woman was still sitting on her bed trying to take something from the cupboard. She was Mrs. Mary, 76 years old who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She was unable to control her muscle movement due to tremor. She was having a side effect of anti psychotic medication which was a Parkinsonism (Sahelian, 2005). She could not walk herself and need to be assisted if she wanted to stand or walk. This old woman was unable to feed on her own. Therefore, I checked her diet chart and served a cup of milk from her cupboard. To confirm that Mrs. Mary was actually wanting some milk I had to involve in a lengthy process of

Emancipation Proclamation and it’s Impact Essay Example for Free

Emancipation Proclamation and it’s Impact Essay The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863 as the nation approached its third year of civil war (â€Å"The Emancipation Proclamation†). This proclamation was a significant step towards the objective of ending slavery and making African Americans equal citizens of the United States. The context of the proclamation declared that â€Å"that all persons held as slaves â€Å"within the rebellious states â€Å"are, and henceforward shall be free†. The proclamation became a significant road to slavery’s final destruction and became one of the initial inspirations for human freedom. The proclamation though the intention was good has many underlying aspects to be noted. The application of the proclamation was â€Å"limited only to those parts of North America which were under the control of the armed forces of the Confederate States of America† (â€Å"Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation†). President Lincoln had no power to liberate slaves generally because such act during that time would have been unlawful or unconstitutional. He could only issue such only from his capacity as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy and as a necessary war measure (Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation†). However despite the limitations, the proclamation of liberty had tremendous effects that possibly help shaped America. Although the practical effects of the proclamation was only limited to some areas â€Å"it did serve as an important symbol that the North now intended not only to preserve the Union but also to abolish the practice of slavery† (Emancipation Proclamation Further Readings). The success of the proclamation after the Civil War motivated Lincoln to completely support the liberation of the African American black people. This paved the way for the proposal of the Republican Party 1864 that calls for the gradual abolition of slavery by constitutional amendment. The proclamation also prevented Europe from supporting the Confederacy and encouraged enlistment of black soldiers, as a result, the North America towards slavery in Civil War was defeated (The Emancipation Proclamation: The Document that Saved America). The end of Civil War definitely reunited the rebellious states of United States with the Union which also made America a very big nation and eventually powerful country. The Proclamation gave joy and hope to millions of black people who was been enslaved by the Southern United States Americans. The Civil War from 1861- 1865 between Northern Defenders of the Union and the Southern members of the Confederacy (the name for the states that had separated themselves from the United States to form their own country in a bloody conflict) changed the focus of the war from â€Å"the rights of the individual states† to freeing the slaves (â€Å"Slaverys End Brings Both Joy and Confusion†). Civil War after the Emancipation was already about freedom. When the Civil War ended, the emancipation of blacks though left the White Southerners to be bitter and angry who can not yet fully accept that the slaves’ unpaid labour will be ended. Being defeated by the Southern members of the Confederacy, Northern whites felt that it is impossible for them to rebuild their shattered life without the blacks. The multitude of negative emotions felt by them highlights and manifests the racist attitude of Northern European descent. Blacks, after the Proclamation of Emancipation and eventually after the Civil War, learned that it is not true that they came from inferior race. And that it is not true that they are simply properties and they also realized that they became a victim of slavery because of ignorance. As free and learned men, they no longer had to put up with the brutalities they experienced and endured as slaves. The end of slavery gave them the opportunity to re-establish their identity, their individuality and their society. The Proclamation also became effective social awakening about slavery and human freedom. It illustrates that human beings of different culture, sexes, religion and races are created equal. The Emancipation Proclamation brought about great changes in the American society. The awareness of black’s slavery inspired literature, arts, music and films about freedom and liberty. Affirmative action, freedom of religion and the establishment of different organizations and groups that support the black community inspired its growth. Not only did the world focuses on the United States from then on in regards to slavery but the world started to open their eyes about the different existing slaveries, example Apartheid in Africa during early 20th century. Work Cited Page: THe Emancipation Proclamation. Feartured Documents. The National Archives. U. S. National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, US http://www. archives. gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/ Lincols Emancipation Proclamation. Fighting Salvery Today. Anti Slavery Society Boston. 2008 November 09 http://www. anti-slaverysociety. addr. com/index. htm Slaverys End Brings both Joy and Confusion. Emancipation Proclamation Summary. Boog Rags. Glam Publisher Network. http://www. bookrags. com/research/slaverys-end-brings-both-joy-and-co-rerl-01/ Emancipation Proclamation Further Readings. American Law Encyclopedia Vol 4. Law Library American Law and Legal Information. Net Industries. 2008 http://law. jrank. org/pages/6410/Emancipation-Proclamation. html The Emancipation Proclamation: THe Document that SAved America. A Journal for the Lincoln Collecter. The Rail Splitter 1998 http://www. railsplitter. com/sale10/boker. html

Mutability An Analysis Of Percy Shelleys Poem English Language Essay

Mutability An Analysis Of Percy Shelleys Poem English Language Essay In the poem Mutability, Percy Shelley presents a theme of the perpetual change that humans struggle with in their lives. He portrays this in various ways, with comparisons of humans to clouds and to lyres being present. Shelley discovers the different emotions of humans with the inevitability of change completely consuming them. He shows that unlike change, the human life is insignificant and will easily be forgotten. Despite humankinds best attempt to conceal this change, it is a real factor in life with the only option being to embrace it. Shelley believes that people undertake life with a certain quickness, which will conclude in being overshadowed anyway. He goes on to state that regardless of the accomplishments that are attained during ones lifetime, they will be forgotten easily. Despite our reactions to lifes course, we ultimately have no control over the concept of change. Shelley uses skilful imagery in the first two stanzas of the work, which bring the reader closer to the poem, igniting a spark of interest and later, allowing for the complete understanding of the concept of mutability. Percy Shelleys poem sheds light on the fragility of the human condition. Percy Shelley opens his poem comparing humans to clouds that veil the midnight moon (Line 1). This portrays to the reader the way in which Shelley sees the We, (Line 1) human beings. He considers the moon as an object of mutability and suggests that like the clouds, humans try to hide or conceal change. This becomes apparent as Shelley states, - yet soon/ Night closes round, and they are lost for ever (Lines 3-4). This line shows the perpetuation of change despite our attempts to conceal it using the image of night enveloping us to demonstrate human mortality. Shelleys imagery of the nights clouds is his representing for the reader the perhaps extravagant, but certainly short lives of humans on Earth. Shelley describes the clouds actions as a metaphor for human actions, How restlessly they speed, and gleam, and quiver, / streaking the darkness radiantly! (Lines 2-3). He believes that humans go through life with speed, not taking time to rest; like clouds at night, we do not last fore ver. Although human beings attempt to be ostentatious, Shelley deems that we are all insignificant because we are easily forgotten. The first stanza portrays the fact that humans are mortal, and regardless of how radiantly we may shine, we are like clouds at night that are overshadowed. The second stanza is rich in imagery, which Shelley uses to narrate his points. He depicts humans again, this time as forgotten lyres [stringed musical instruments of the harp family], whose dissonant strings/ Give various response to each varying blast,/ To whose frail frame no second motion brings/ One mood or modulation like the last(Lines 5-9). Shelley describes the simple beauty that humans can be as well as create, but presents the frailty of our existence and how quickly humans along with the beauty created can be forgotten as well. These lines present another metaphor that furthers the concept of human mortality. Shelley compares humans to forgotten lyres in that our ability to create and produce is short lived; all that is amounted during our lifetime will be forgotten once we cease to exist. Each motion brings the lyre a different sound, which induces a different mood. Shelley may be referring to the human body and how frail it is, regardless of how strong it may feel. He c ompares humans to instruments that have been cast aside, whose melodies sweet in their own time are now forgotten. Once humankinds frail time is over, it will never come again. These images suggest that Shelley sees nothing good in life. Shelley begins the third stanza incorporating rhythm. The use of short, two word sentences followed by a longer one, which describes the outcome of the preceding sentence, is present. Whether humans rest, rise, feel, or embrace (Lines 9-12) the inevitability of change surrounds us and it becomes clear that we have no control of the course of change in our lives. A dream can poison (Line 9) our sleep or a wandering thought can pollute (Line 10) the day. Shelley explores human emotions to an extremely in-depth level resulting with these pessimistic conclusions. His repetition of the word or in this stanza demonstrates the existence of varied emotion that we encounter throughout life. Shelley states, We feel, conceive or reason, laugh or weep; / Embrace fond woe, or cast our cares away: (Lines 11-12). These lines reveal Shelleys belief that regardless of the good people do, the action will not be reciprocated. The fourth stanza opens up with an ironic tone when Shelley exclaims, It is the same! For, be it joy or sorrow, / The path of its departure still is free: (Lines 13-14). The irony lies in the fact that Shelley considers mutability inevitable, and as the only thing able to withstand the effects of time- yet change, he proclaims, is the same! Shelleys description of the free path further advances the notion that humans are immobilized against the forces that produce transformations and are the source of happiness or grief for us. Shelley sums up his notion of change and the reality of the passage of time in the last two lines of the fourth stanza; Mans yesterday may neer be like his morrow; / Nought may endure but Mutability (Lines 15-16). While humans experience limited lives, many inconsistencies exist that have differing effects on how we encounter life in the future. Elation and distress are evanescent; life changes every day with humans incapable of interfering. This stanza concl udes with Shelley claiming that all these emotions ultimately amount to nothing; regardless of how awful one day was, the next day is always on its way. This tone shift comes perhaps from the realization that mankind can do nothing to stop the vicious cycle created, so the only option left is to embrace it and see each day as fresh. Shelley skilfully uses the tone of this poem to relate the meaning in which he is trying to relay. Overall, Mutability has a solemn, reflecting tone. The evidence of this tone comes most clearly in the last stanza, Mans yesterday may neer be like his morrow; /Nought may endure but Mutability (Lines 15-16). The use of the word may here is almost ironic, for Shelley must realize there is no way to prove the truth in his statement. He irrationally holds on to some hope that there may be another way, yet he realizes that there truly is not. The irony of this poem is also revealed as Shelley is coming to his conclusions; It is the same- (Line 13) and Nought may endure but Mutability (Line 16). Shelley reveals for the reader the great irony in the truth that he has revealed. Nothing may endure but change. The whole thought itself is an irony. It is the same throughout history, we know no certainty but change. The depth and irony of this thought is brought to light very skilfully in this po em. The use of Shelleys tone, imagery, and diction do produce the desired effect for the reader. One cannot leave this poem without wondering about the thoughts presented. Throughout his poem Mutability, Percy Shelley presents various aspects to the concept of change in human life. Using diverse metaphors for humanity, Shelley successfully leaves the reader questioning the significance of the human state. Whether we succumb to the pressures of the night and disappear like a cloud, or are simply a forgotten lyre to a musician, this mutability will always consistently transpire. The reality of time as well as the mortality of humans are factors that show individuals are simply too weak to combat with mutability. The only true consistency in the world is this change, which completely incapacitates humans and makes one question their quest in life. Shelley knows it is unlikely for humans to Embrace fond woe, or cast our cares away, (Line 12) as no one would favour misfortunes or disregard their personal needs. This poem searches for an answer to humanitys struggle to combat with change and time, revealing that the only option left is to accept these inevit abilities into our lives and embrace them all we can.

F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Lost Hope of Babylon Revisited :: Literary

F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Lost Hope of Babylon Revisited F. Scott Fitzgerald is known as the spokesman of the "Lost Generation" of Americans in the 1920s. The phrase, "Lost Generation," was coined by Gertrude Stein "to describe the young men who had served in World War I and were forced to grow up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken" (Charters 489). Fitzgerald exemplified the generation that Stein defined. His family, with help from an aunt, put him through preparatory school and then through Princeton University (Charters 489). Fitzgerald’s family hoped that he would stop "wasting his time scribbling" and would be serious about his studies (Charters 489). However, he left college before graduating and accepted a commission as a second lieutenant in the Regular Army during World War I (Charters 489). During his military service, he spent most of his time writing his first novel, This Side of Paradise (Charters 489). The peak of Fitzgerald’s fame as a writer came with the publication of The Great G atsby, in 1925 (Charters 489). Fitzgerald, writing in the third person, reflected back fondly on the Jazz Age because "it bore him up, flattered him, and gave him more money than he had dreamed of, simply for telling people that he felt as they did, that something had to be done with all the nervous energy stored up and unexpended in the War" (Charters 489). In the years of the 1930s and the Great Depression, Fitzgerald saw his own physical and emotional world collapse with the decline of his literary reputation and the failure of his marriage. Fitzgerald’s last years as a writer "were truly lost . . . writing Hollywood screenplays and struggling to finish his novel The Last Tycoon" (Charters 489). Fitzgerald wrote approximately 160 stories during his career (Charters 489). "Babylon Revisited," written in 1931, is one of his later works. It is considered "more complicated emotionally" than his earlier works because he shows "less regret for the past and more dignity in the face of real sorrow" (Charters 489). "Babylon Revisited" focuses on Charlie Wales, a man who returns to Paris to retrieve his daughter and begin his life anew as a family with her. The title is appropriate because Charlie returns to Paris where, before the Depression hit, he and his wife lived a life of endless partying and spending of money, where everything had a price that he could afford to pay.

The Inspirational Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

The Inspirational Jane Eyre      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel named Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. She is but a fictional character, and in our hearts she will stay. This incredible lady in her beloved story has carried on through the centuries to inspire all its readers. Jane is a cherished woman with whom everyone can find a bit of themselves in.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The captivating character of Jane Eyre was created in the mid 1800's by an awe-inspiring writer by the name of Charlotte Bronte. This enchanting woman was nothing short of amazing. She was one of the first ever female writers, and she wrote a story about a strong lady. This bit of history allows us to look at Jane Eyre as a liberator. She was a very strong woman in the days that women were not allowed to be self-reliant. Jane had a way about her that demanded attention. She was very shy and introspective, yet her sheer presence was enough to demand attention for all men. Jane captivated the hearts of many older men. She began with her uncle, Mr. Reed. He was a gentleman who cared for his own children, but when Jane lost both of her parents he was quick to take her in as his own. Mrs. Reed only would say that he pitied her, but we all know there was more. She enchanted the lives of Mr. Rochester and St. John. Both men, in or near there thirties, proposed her twice. She accepted both of Mr. Rochester 's proposals. She also did something remarkable; she refused St. John's proposals of marriage. Jane Eyre was a very special woman of her time.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jane's life story is greatly admired by women around the world due to the nature of her character. She searches for love and acceptance and she finds it in every place she is. Even though Mrs. Reed did not accept her in the time she went back she made a friend of Mrs. Eyre's daughter, Elise. Jane also found acceptance in the harsh Mr. Rochester, and the unwilling household of St. John. She was always taken in her lowest hour and raised up to a great triumph later. While at St. John's she found the family in whom she had searched.

BTEC National 90 Credits/ Diploma in Health and Social Care Essay

Overview of the unit This unit highlights the different psychological perspectives and encourages learners to apply these approaches to the study of health and social care. The value of psychological studies to the understanding of health and social care will also be examined. Learners will initially consider the meaning of the term ‘theories’ in the context of psychology, and will begin to appreciate the diversity of psychological theories as they progress through the unit. Learners will examine the principal psychological perspectives and then apply them to the health and social care sectors to gain understanding of the potential value of psychology in these sectors. On completion of this unit learners will have considered the psychological approach to studying health and social care. The unit encourages reflection, and will be valuable to those learners intending to work with people in a caring capacity. Look more:  sleep deprivation solution essay Learning outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1 Understand psychological perspectives 2 Understand psychological approaches to health and social care. Grading criteria for the unit: To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: P1 explain the principal psychological perspectives P2 explain different psychological approaches to health practice P3 explain different psychological approaches to social care practice. M1 assess different psychological approaches to study M2 compare two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision D1 evaluate two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. P1: Explain key points of the following principal psychological perspectives In this assignment there will be an explanation on the key pinots of the following principal psychological perspectives. Behaviourist perspective: Behaviorist psychologists explain all human behavior as resulting from experience. Two key thinkers associated with this perspective are Pavlov (classical conditioning) and skinner (operant conditioning). Although these two theories believed that different processes were involved, they both explained all types of behavior as being the result of learning-everything from shyness to aggression, from happiness to depression. This is quite different from, say the psychodynamic or biological approaches. The first theory of learning is called classical conditioning. This theory was developed by a Russian physiologist called Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). He was working with dogs to investigate their digestive system. The dogs were attached to a harness, as shown opposite, and Pavlov attached monitors to their stomach and mouths so he could measure the rate of salivation  (production of saliva). One day he noticed that a dog began to salivate when the laboratory assistant entered the room with a bowl of food, but before it had actually tasted the food. Since salivation is a reflex response (which until then was thought to be produced only as a result of food touching the tongue), this seemed unusual. Pavlov speculated that the dog was salivating because it had learned to associate the laboratory assistant with food. He then developed his theory in the following way. This type of learning is associated with the theories of Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990). Skinner was an American psychologist who worked mostly with rats and pigeons, to discover some of the key principles of learning new behaviors. He used a very famous device, called a Skinner box, illustrated below. The box contains a level which, when pressed, releases a food pellet into the box, thus reinforcing lever-pressing behavior. When the rat is first placed the box it will run around, sniff the various items and at some point it will press the lever, releasing a food pellet. After a while, when the rat has repeatedly performed this action, it will learn that this behavior (pressing the lever) is automatically followed by the release of a food pellet (the consequences). Because the pellet is experienced as reinforcing (something the rat would like to have more of), this consequence increases the probability of the behavior being repeated. There are two types of reinforcing: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Skinner investigated negative reinforcement by running a very low electrical current on the floor of the Skinner box. Psychodynamic Perspective: This approach is associated with the Austrian psychologists Sigmund Frued (1856-1939), who developed the theory of psychoanalysis. A key follower of Freud was Erik Erikson (1902-1994), who adapted aspects of Freud’s approach. Freud described the occasion when a Member of Parliament was referring to the MP for Hull, with whom he disagreed about some policy. Instead of saying  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe honourable member from Hull’ he stated to say, ‘the honourable member from Hell’. Freud was one of the earliest thinkers to bring to public attention the idea that we are not always aware of all aspects of ourselves. He suggested that what we are aware of is represented in our conscious mind but that many of our memories, feelings and past experiences are locked up in part of our mind he called the ‘unconscious’. We cannot access the content of our conscious, but they often ‘leak out’ in dreams and slips of the tongue. Freud believed that the conscious mind was like the tip of an iceberg- only a small part being available to awareness. Part of the unconscious that we can easily access he called the pre-conscious. This contains information not yet in consciousness but that can easily be retrieved (e.g. the name of Aunt Edie’s cat). The rest, well under the surface consisted of the unconscious. The importance of early experience in determining later behaviours is clearly illustrated by Freud’s development theory of psychosexual stages. He believed that we all go through several stages of psychosexual development. At each stage, the individual’s libido (energy) is focused on a part of the body that is particularly relevant at that stage. If the needs of the developing child are met at each stage, it moves on to the next development stage. If, however, there is struggle or conflict or some unsatisfactory experience, the individuals becomes ‘fixated’ (stuck) at this stage. This result in certain ways of being, or personality traits, which are carried through into adulthood and which can explain behaviour later in life. The earliest stage is the ‘oral stage’. This focus here is on the mouth and activities such as sucking, biting and licking. Freud believes that there could be two reasons for fixation. If the infant was weaned too early, it would feel forever under-gratified and unsatisfied and would develop into a pessimistic, sarcastic person. If, on the other hand, it was over-gratified (weaned too late) the individual would develop a gullible personality, naively trusting in others and with a tendency to ‘swallow anything’. This stage lasts from birth to approximately 18 months. If the infant successful passes through the oral stage without becoming  fixated, the next stage is the ‘anal stage’, which last fro, approximately one to three years. Here there libido is focussed on aspects to do with potty training, with child feeling forced to use the potty before they are ready, or feeling over-controlled in various area, they may rebel; by retaining their faces: the child refuses to ‘go’, thus holding on to control and withholding satisfaction from the parent. During the stage of four to five the child passes through the ‘phallic stage’. Fixation at this stage is associated with anxiety and guilty feeling about sex and fear of castration for males. If this stage is not resolved, the theory suggests that a boy may become homosexual and a girl may become lesbian. Freud thought these were abnormal fixation: however most people today would not view them this way. Between that age of five to seven and the onset of puberty, the child enters the ‘latency stage’, which is not strictly speaking a developmental phase but a time when the focus is on social pursuit such as sport, academic excellence and the development of friendships. The final psychosexual stage is the ‘genital stage’, which begins at puberty. Freud believed that the less fixated the individual has become during earlier stages, the more easily this stage will be negotiated, resulting in the ability to form strong heterosexual relationship with an ability to be warm and loving as well as to receive love in a new, mature fashion. A second important feature early experience is the development of ego defence mechanisms. The use of a defence mechanism allows us to block out events that threaten to overwhelm us. A final influence is that of the mind. Freud suggested that the in which he called the psych is divided into three dynamic parts. The lid is a part of the much which totally unconscious and which exist at birth. The superego is a formed as a result of socialisation and consists of all instructions, morals and values that are repeatedly enforced as we are growing up. The main role of superego is to try to subdue the activity of the lid. The ego tries to balance the demands of the lid and the superego This table will suggest examples: Name of defence mechanise Explanation Example Repression The person forgets the event Forgetting a traumatic event in childhood (e.g. a car crash) Regression Reverting to an earlier stage of development Wetting the bed when a sibling us born, having been dry before Denial Pushing an event or emotion out of consciousness Denying that a loved one has died Displacement Redirecting desires onto a safe object Kicking the cat at home because your boss gave you hard time at work Erik Erikson was psychologist who agrees with much of Freud’s theory in so far as he thought that we developed through a series of stages. However, the thought that these continued throughout our lifetime and were essentially social nature. He also believed that Freud put too much emphasis on our desire for individual’s gratification and not enough on our needs to be accepted by society and lead a meaningful life. Erikson suggested that we move through a series of psychosocial cries with different social factors at each stage. For example between birth and the age of one, the life crisis concern developing trust or mistrust in self and other. The social focus this stage is the mother. Psychosocial stages Stage Key focus of stage Positive outcome Negative outcome Stage one (0-1years) How the infant is parented Dependable, responsive caring parenting lead to a sense of trust Parenting that lacks warmth and affection or is inconsistent leads to mistrust Stage 2 (1-3years) Being enabled to do things by yourself Being supported in growing independent lead to a sense of autonomy Being criticised and over-controlled lead to a felling of doubt about your own competence Stage 3 (3-6 years) Interaction with the world Being encouraged to try out new skills and explore the world lead to sense of imitative Being hampered in the desire to find things out (e.g. criticised, told not to be silly) lead tp a sense of guilt and a lack of confidence Stage 4 (6-12 years) Understanding how things are made and how they work The ability to succeed at realistic tasks lead to a sense of industry Being pushed to take on tasks they are not ready for leads to a sense of inferiority Stage 5 12-18 years) Developing a consistent sense of identifying by experimentation Experimentation leads to a secure sense of identity The inability to experiment and develop a sense of indentify leads to role confusion and negative identity Social learning: Culture refers to the shared values, norms and language, customer and practise of a group. Although we tend to think of culture as being specific to different countries, it also refers to different sub-groups within society. For example, people from different socioeconomic groups within the UK will share different aspects of culture, such as the value placed on eating at a table rather than on your lap in front of the television: the way in which money is spent and how to talk to your elders. It is important to understand how culture affects our behaviour in order to gain full understanding of the people we encounter and those we work with. There are many influences in our behaviour- from peers, siblings, parents, television, sports personalities and other celebrities. According to the  social learning theory, role models are very important. While we may learn new behaviours fro, anyone the likelihood of imitating such behaviours is strongly influenced by the way we perceive the person performing the behaviour (the model). If we observe someone we admire behaving in particular way, we are more likely you imitate such behaviour. This diagram below illustrates factors associate with a model that influences whatever we will imitate him or her. Our behaviour is dramatically influenced by the presence of other, however much we may believe ourselves to be truly individual in out beliefs and behaviour. Nowhere is this more clearly demonstrated than in the experiments conducted in the 1950s by social psychologist Solomon Asch. He was interested in a concept called major influence. This is when the presence of other people causes us to change our public behaviour or opinions because we do not want to stand out from the crowd. This is an important concept in psychology that has a big impact in the way we behave toward others and expect them to behave toward us. If we believe ourselves to be worthwhile, pleasant, and likeable them we will almost certainly be polite and cheerful toward those we meet, thus creating a favourable impression. In response, those who come into contract with us perceive us favourable and behave in an s positive way towards us, with the result that out positive self-belief are confirmed. If on the other hand, we are angry full of resentment, believe the world is against us and so on, then we are likely to behave in s more aggressive, confrontational or argumentative way, in which will confirm our views of ourselves and the worlds. There is a similarity between role theory and the self-fulfilling prophecy, in that role theory suggests that because we live within particular culture, society and social group we are influenced by other people. This influence helps lead us to adopt certain roles and tries to live up to the expectations that go with this role. Social learning theory explains behaviour as the result of learning form  people we are exposed to in our environment. We can also learn new behaviours from people we observe, either in real life or in the media. This is knows as observational learning and this theory was developed by the American psychologist Albert Bandura. The person we learn from is known as the role model and the process of imitating is called modelling. However we do not imitate all behaviour we observe and remember. Whether or not it is our interest to imitate particular behaviour is influenced by characteristics of the model. If we see a model being punished for a certain behaviour we are likely you imitate it than if we see him or he being positively reinforced. Humanistic Humanistic psychology looks at human experience from the viewpoint of the individual. It focuses on the idea of free will and the belief that we are all capable of making choices. Two psychologist associated with this approach are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Mallow (1903-1970) was an American psychologist who believed that we are all seeking becomes the best that we can possibly be-spirally, physically, emotionally and intellectually. He called this self- actualisation. He constructed a theory known as the hierarchy of needs, in which he explained that every human being requires certain basic needs to be met before they can approach the next level. As the diagram shown, Maslow believed they until our basic physiological needs ate meet we will focus all our energies on getting them met and not begin or progress further. When we are well-housed well-fed and comfortable physically, we begin to focus on our emotional needs, such as the need to belong and be loved and to feel self-esteem. When our lived are such that these needs are also met, we strive to self-actualise. Rogers (1902-1987) was partially interested in the concept of sel. There are many aspects of the self but two are especially important here. Self-concept refers to the way we view ourselves. This includes physical and biological  attributes such as male or female, blond or brunette, tall or short, as well as personality traits such as being kind, humble, assertive, and hard-working. The self-concept is formed from nearly age and young children internalise other people’s judgments of them, which them become part of their self-concept. Roger believed that we also hold a concept of self called the idea self. This represents a view of us as we felt we should be and as we would like to be. Self-esteem: how valuable we fell, literally the amount of esteem we give to ourselves. Someone with high self-esteem will believe they are loved and lovable and that they are important and valued. An individual with low self-esteem, may feel unwanted and worthless, or no value to anyone else, unloved and unlovable. Self-concept: the way we see ourselves. In early life this comes from what we are told about ourselves. Cognitive/information processing This psychological perspective has gained enormous ground since the 2960s, when the influence of behaviourism began to wane. With the development of computer came the idea that brain activity was like the operation of a computer. A great deal of research has been devoted to understanding cognitive processes such as attention, memory, perception information processing, problem solving, through, language and other aspect of cognition. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss psychologist who initially worked on measuring intelligence. During his research he noticed that children of the same age made the same mistake in logic, however bright they were. He came to the conclusion that cognition develops through a series of stages, each new stage building on the previous one. Stage Age Key features Stage 1: sensori-motor 0-2 years The world is experienced through motor activity and the senses Stage 2: pre-operational 2-7 years Language develops along with memory. The child is egocentric and unable to conserve Stage 3: concrete operational 7-11 years The child can now understand conservation but cannot yet solve problems mentally Stage 4:formal operational 11+ The child cannot use abstract thoughts and represent problems mentally George Kelly (1905-1966) developed a unique psychological theory known as the psychology of personal constructs. He saw the individual as a scientist, making predictions about the future, testing them and, if necessary, revising them according to new evidence. A construct is a way of constructing (interpreting and making sense of) reality and the environment. Kelly believed that we do not have to be constrained by our past history but can seek out new, alternative, more positive meanings. Biological perspective The theory of maturation holds that the effects of the environment are minimal. The child is born with a self of genetic instructions passed down from its parents, and it’s cognitive, physical and other developmental processes merely unfold over time, rather than being depended upon the environment to mature. It is in effect a theory which stated that development is due to nature not nurture. This is quite a contact to learning theory or humanistic theory, where the effects of nurture are paramount. Arnold Gesell (1880-1961) believed that development occurred according to a sequence of maturational processes. For example, development in the womb follows a fixed set of stages: the heart begins to form first, along with a rudimentary nervous system. Bones and muscles develop next and over time the organism develops into a fully functioning human being, ready  to be born. As the child develops from birth onwards, its genes allow it to flower gradually into the person he or she is meant to be. The environment should provide support for this unfolding of talents, skills personality and interests but the main thing driving this development is the maturational process. The autonomic nervous system produces its effects through activation of nerve fibre throughout the nervous system, brain and body or by stimulating the release of hormones from endocrine glands (such as the adrenal and pineal glands). Hormones are biochemical substances that are released into the bloodstream and have a profound effect on target organs and on behaviour. They are present in very small quantities and individual molecules have a very short life, so their effects quickly disappear if they are not secreted continuously. There are a large number of hormones including: Melatonin, which is released by the pineal gland and acts on the brainstem sleep mechanism to help synchronise the phases of sleep and activity Testosterone, which is released in the testicle and may influence aggressiveness Oxytocin, which is released by the pituitary gland and stimulates milk production and females orgasms Some hormones are released as response to external stimuli. Central nervous system Autonomic nervous system Consists of the brain and spinal cord Regulates organs of the body and processes such as heart rate and blood pressure: only one branch is activated at any time Sympathetic branch Parasympathetic branch Associated with arousal and the fight or flight response Associated with rest and relaxation Genes affect behaviour in many ways. Some discords, such as Huntington’s disease, are caused by a single dominate gene, which either parent can pass on to their children. Other, such as caustic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia, are caused when both parents pass on the gene for the disorder. Some of the changes in behaviour are listed below, through this list is not comprehensive: Hallucinations and delusions Severe confusion Progressive memory loss Inappropriate speech: use of jargon or wrongs words Personality changes including anxiety and depression, withdrawal from social interaction. Decreased ability to care for oneself and inability to maintain employment. P2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice. In this task there will be an explanation on the different psychological approaches to health practice. Psychodynamic perspective: Understanding challenging behaviour The basic tenet of this perspective I that much of our behaviour is driven by unconscious forces. It is therefore important to recognise that we may not be able to understand behaviours using question and answer techniques, as the individual may not be aware of what is troubling them. It is necessary to delve a little deeper and try to interpret behaviour, on the assumption that the behaviour is in some way a symptom of what is going on in the unconscious. Understanding and managing anxiety When we are anxious we often have fears about even that have happened or might happen, about things we have done or might do, and about whether the world is safe or unsafe place. We often try to control anxiety using a variety of strategies. Sometime we use denial- the ostrich approach where we bury our heads in the sand and pretend the object of our anxiety doesn’t  exist. Sadly, for mot of us, the anxiety still seeps through, and may present itself in the form of physical symptom. Cognitive perspective: Supporting individuals with learning difficulties Individuals with earning difficulties can experience enormous frustration in their daily live as they seek to make sense of what can be bewildering experiences. The cognitive approach can be used to help people who misread situation. By identifying irrational thoughts, an individual can be guided to change them, with consequent benefits for their emotional and behaviour. Cognitive work of this type can improve self-esteem and reduce outburst, which may be triggered by lack of understanding of the requirements of a given situation (for example, having to wait in turn for a meal.) Supporting individuals with emotional problems: The cognitive perspective is widely used with individuals with a wide variety of emotional problems. This perspective begins by examining how distorted and irrational negative thoughts influence feelings, which hen lead to change in behaviour. Support individuals with depression: The psychologist Aaron Beck has formed a helpful approach to understanding depression, known as cognitive behaviour therapy. The pattern of behaviour common to these suffering from depression is described by Beck as a cognitive triad. To begin with, the individual thinks he is worthless and inadequate. This self-appraisal then lead to the beliefs that this lack of worth means that the future will be just as bad as the present. This then generalises to a conviction that the world contains problems and difficulties that he individual us powerless to overcome. The goal of cognitive therapy is to challenge these negative thoughts and to encourage the patient to develop alternative, more positive, ways of seeing the world. Identifying negative-irrational/distorted thinking This can be done by keeping a diary and recording every instance of negative thinking and the feelings that follow. Initially this can be difficult, as  these patterns are so automatic it can be difficult to notice them. However it will get easier over time. For example: asking yourself: What is the evidence for such negative thinking? Are there alternative explanations? It can be helpful to think how others would response or ask them How does it affect me to think so negatively What type if thinking errors am I making (for example, magnifying or catastrophizing) Supporting individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder This disorder consists of a set of symptoms as outlined below: Re-experiencing the traumatic event (intrusion) Nightmares Flashbacks Frequent recall of the event Intense emotional upset produced by stimuli that symbolise the event (e.g. fireworks may symbolise a battlefields) Avoiding of stimuli associated with the event (or numbering of responsiveness) The person tries to avoid thinking about the trauma or encountering stimuli that will bring it to mind The person may be unable to remember the event Decreased interest in other A sense of estrangement An inability to feel positive emotions Increased arousal Difficulties falling or staying asleep Difficulties contracting Hyper- Vigilance An exaggerate startle response The above are some, or all of the symptoms experienced by individuals with a diagnosis of pat-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Biological perspective: Arnold Gesell developed an assessment scale to enable judgement to be, made about whether a child’s behaviour and understanding matches that their chronological age (how old the child is). This scale enables the child’s scores to be compared against their scores at an earliest age to determine whether development is proceeding satisfactorily. It also enables a skilled and trained assessor to indentify developmental problems that may emerge for an individual, thus allowing for early and appropriate intervention. There are three overlapping stages at which development can be measured: Between two and a half years to age six Between four and six years old Between six and nine years old At each age there are various tests to assess different aspects of development. One test administered at around the age of four consists of comprehension questions. It measures the child’s ability to use perceptual; accuracy and skills involved in regulating its own behaviour and emotions by asking him to plan solutions to hypothetical social situations. This allows for a judgment to be made on the child’s ability to deal with actual social situations as it reaches the age of about five years old. The cubes test, which is used primarily with children aged two to six, assess the ability to follow directions and perform a structured task. Visual perception and fine motor co-ordination skills involves in colouring, cutting and handwriting are assed against developmental norms. The child’s attention span, together with the ability to perceive different shapes accurately, is also measured and together these give information about reading comprehension, spelling and mathematical skills. M1: Asses different psychological approached to study In this assignment their will be an assessment of different psychological approaches to study.

Living and non living things Essay

Abstract Whenever you are teaching student a new language that they are not used to speaking at home or around their peers; require a lot of sacrifice for the he teacher and the students that are usually speaking their native tongue. With the challenges ahead the teacher will need to dedicate more time for teaching and instruction for the English Language Learner. And for the student wishing to learn a new language it will also take some sacrifice on their end as well. For the teacher and the pupil it will be very crucial that the students know and see the different language acquisition theories; how they are used in a classroom setting and how to implement those theories in a lesson plan. Introduction As the English Language Learner’s numbers start to increase in districts around the United States; many instructors are looking for more effective ways to teach the ell a new language. The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) is an avenue that teachers use to decide how he/she will attack the different ways of delivering the lessons to the ell so they will be able to understand and gain knowledge and deliver lessons that allow English learners to acquire academic knowledge develop some English language proficiency. When the SIOP method is used all students benefit from the lessons and instructions not just the ells. The more the instructors use the SIOP model the English learner’s progress shall be seen in their academics. Since there are so many language acquisition theories that go along with SIOP; the two methods used in my lesson plans are an Innatist and Interactionist methods. Within both methods there is an emphasis on natural language development and they focus on interaction between people as the main ways to learn and develop a new language. Innatist Theory In the innatist natural language development is received by the students through materials such as books, friends and other resources. The input of this theory given to the students by the teacher is very important for the learning process. The ideal classroom setting would consist of students who have equal proficiency to those who are learning a second language. By  having the setting in such a way; this will ensure that all of the students are on the same level and can better work with another in improving language development. During this time a students’ output is not a concern and it is shown that language will occur naturally. There is also, a silent period to be expected during this time but there should be no worries. Innatist also believes that errors should not be corrected; students will correct them over time. â€Å"Most English language learner errors among their subjects were best described as similar to errors made by children acquiring English as a first language† (Peregoy, et al., 2008, p. 53). Some students are known to make the similar mistakes of those who are learning English as a small child. So the innatist theory is a way of making the students learn on their own, at their own pace, and use the interactions they have with others to build different skills. The lesson plan discussed will work jointly with the theory; due to the fact that the students will continue to use resources and do normal activities that they do on the normal. There will be times when the students will pair off with another student who may speak their native tongue so he/she will be able to relate to his/her peers; during this time they will bouncing ideas off each other to find out what the other may have learned so the will be able to teach each other. My lesson plan was given to a teacher of 6 and 7 years students where there are quite a few of English language learners. If the teacher were using the innatist theory he/she would pair students according to language level. The students who are considered more proficient in their native language would be paired with an student who may be ELL. With this lesson plan it was a good way to use group discussion it was an interesting to keep those students attention in order to make them more interested and excited to discuss the big ideas. Interactionist Theory The interactionist theory and the innatist theory are very similar. . The input of this theory given to the students by the teacher is very important for the learning process. The ideal classroom setting would consist of students who have equal proficiency to those who are learning a second language. By having the setting in such a way; this will ensure that all of the students are on the same level and can better work with another in improving language development. On the student output end, speaking occurs  naturally in communication with others. This theory puts no pressure on speaking, except when the student has the natural impulse to communicate with others. As for the treatment of errors is concerned, errors that impede communication will be naturally corrected as the meaning is negotiated; some errors may require explicit corrective instruction in order to make sure that the student is not being taught in the wrong way. â€Å" Interactionists view the communicative give and take of natural conversations between native and non-native speakers as the crucial element of the language acquisition process† (Peregoy et al., 2008, p. 55). Lesson Plan Success As you can see from the reading innatist and interactionist theories were present in the discussed lesson plan. As noted before the theories are very similar and the key purpose is to let the student learn and interact with each other in hopes that they will pick up on a new language and possibly learn to speak a new language. By using different activities that may be interesting and engaging to the students is also a big part of learning success. Many students like to hang out in groups; so with making a lesson plan around having the student to work in groups doing so can really help with the success of the students. The only major opposing view is that one theory would not make any correction on errors and the other theory would correct the wrongs. In a classroom setting it is important for teachers to correct errors as much as possible, this would help make sure that students are not abusing the language in the negative manner; and it would be easier to correct errors as they happen instead of having to force a student to change a habit he/she has been doing for a while My plans were not difficult; I made it interesting and fun for all students. As the students learn it becomes evident that the plan fits everybody. Conclusion When you have to create a lesson plan to teach students of different language backgrounds and make the plan fun and enjoyable for all students in the class; and when you also have to make the lesson where any teacher is able to instruct any group of students and keep them interested is not an easy task. And do keep in mind while creating these plans you may have some students in the selected class that may have no knowledge of the current  language being spoken in the class. In order to make the plans enjoyable for all students it is very important that a teacher or whomever is creating the plans have knowledge of the student that they may be potentially teaching and trying to get to grasp the English language. If the SIOP lesson plan broken down in it will be easier to follow and keep student interested in the learning process. If the lesson plan is followed no areas will be omitted and the students’ success will be seen in their academic increase. So as a teacher; you will have more time for teaching and less time trying to plan and focus more on ensuring that all the objectives and language acquisition theories are in place to assure that the all student have an equal chance to obtain the and learn the English or any other language. (Building Background) Students will read the book See How They Grow: Owl. Pose class discussion questions from the story such as: Is the owl from the story a living thing? Why or Why not? What does the owl do to make it a living thing? What does the owl need to survive? Steering the conversation into differentiating between living and non-living. Presentation (Language and content objectives, comprehensible input, strategies, interaction, feedback) Using a whiteboard divide the board into two categories, living and non-living things. Introduce the various pictures of living and non-living things. Do not tell students which is living or non-living. Students will approach the white board and place the living and non-living pictures under the correct category. Discuss with students why these things are living and why they are non-living. Using the teacher pointer ask for a volunteers to point out living or non-living things in the classroom. Discuss the differences among the things that the students  pointed out. Practice/Application (Meaningful activities, interaction, strategies, practice/application, feedback) Two stations should be created in the classroom. One station will be the â€Å"plant station† and the other will be the â€Å"Fish station.† Students should be divided into two groups also. One group will observe like scientists at the plant station and the other group will observe like scientists at the fish station. Pass out data sheets and magnifying glasses prior to students going back to their station. At the plant station the fake plant and the real plant should be positioned in the middle of the table and be labeled plant #1 and plant #2. At the fish station the beta fish and the candy Swedish Fish should be positioned in the middle of the table and labeled fish #1 and fish #2. Students will go to their assigned station and predict which plant or fish they believe is a living thing and which they believe is a non-living thing. Students will use their magnifying glasses like scientists and record on their data sheets characteristics of each plant and fish. Water for the plant and food for the fish should be available for the students to use when recording observations. Students will complete their data sheets by concluding which plant and fish was living and non-living. Students will discuss their conclusions as a class. Review/Assessment: Content (Review Objectives and vocabulary, assess learning) Students will use their science journals to draw a picture of a living thing and a non-living thing. The students will write in their journals what makes the picture they choose to draw a living and non-living thing. Extension: Introducing the word metamorphosis and how some living things can change when they grow. Reference Peregoy, S., Boyle, O. (2008). Reading, Writing, and Learning in ESL. New York: Allyn and Bacon.